1 00:00:07,349 --> 00:00:05,110 good day and welcome to the kennedy 2 00:00:09,430 --> 00:00:07,359 space center i am d wayne washington 3 00:00:11,270 --> 00:00:09,440 from the office of communications at 4 00:00:13,350 --> 00:00:11,280 nasa's goddard space flight center in 5 00:00:15,589 --> 00:00:13,360 greenbelt maryland today we're here to 6 00:00:17,349 --> 00:00:15,599 talk about the robotic refueling mission 7 00:00:19,510 --> 00:00:17,359 the module to be carried on the final 8 00:00:21,830 --> 00:00:19,520 shuttle mission here to explain the 9 00:00:24,390 --> 00:00:21,840 mission to my left 10 00:00:26,150 --> 00:00:24,400 frank cepellini 11 00:00:28,710 --> 00:00:26,160 project manager for the satellite 12 00:00:30,870 --> 00:00:28,720 servicing capabilities office at nasa's 13 00:00:35,990 --> 00:00:30,880 goddard space flight center 14 00:00:42,709 --> 00:00:39,350 matthew caron mission operations manager 15 00:00:46,950 --> 00:00:42,719 canadian space agency 16 00:00:50,950 --> 00:00:49,190 and finally we have ben reed deputy 17 00:00:53,430 --> 00:00:50,960 project manager for the satellite 18 00:00:55,750 --> 00:00:53,440 servicing capabilities office at nasa's 19 00:00:57,670 --> 00:00:55,760 goddard space flight center we'll begin 20 00:00:59,990 --> 00:00:57,680 with sepi 21 00:01:01,750 --> 00:01:00,000 well thank you for coming 22 00:01:03,590 --> 00:01:01,760 i look around the room and i see a lot 23 00:01:05,910 --> 00:01:03,600 of familiar faces 24 00:01:08,789 --> 00:01:05,920 we've been here for the last 20 years if 25 00:01:11,190 --> 00:01:08,799 you all remember with repair activities 26 00:01:13,670 --> 00:01:11,200 human repair activities on hubble 27 00:01:17,510 --> 00:01:13,680 but then i really started with you all 28 00:01:20,630 --> 00:01:17,520 back in that with kennedy back in 1984 29 00:01:23,670 --> 00:01:20,640 where we robotically captured solar max 30 00:01:24,390 --> 00:01:23,680 and then with humans repaired solar max 31 00:01:26,950 --> 00:01:24,400 so 32 00:01:29,270 --> 00:01:26,960 the servicing capabilities 33 00:01:31,590 --> 00:01:29,280 primarily vested with humans and with 34 00:01:33,749 --> 00:01:31,600 robotics started way back 35 00:01:35,670 --> 00:01:33,759 some 35 years ago 36 00:01:37,670 --> 00:01:35,680 and the interesting part about it is 37 00:01:40,469 --> 00:01:37,680 here we are today 38 00:01:43,590 --> 00:01:40,479 opening up a brand new era 39 00:01:45,830 --> 00:01:43,600 and i underscore brand new era 40 00:01:48,710 --> 00:01:45,840 in servicing of 41 00:01:50,950 --> 00:01:48,720 expensive satellite systems 42 00:01:54,870 --> 00:01:50,960 through the use of robotics 43 00:01:57,190 --> 00:01:54,880 and that's represents a new major 44 00:01:59,749 --> 00:01:57,200 initiative and capability 45 00:02:01,590 --> 00:01:59,759 that the global space community is now 46 00:02:02,950 --> 00:02:01,600 stepping up to and i want to introduce 47 00:02:06,230 --> 00:02:02,960 our partner 48 00:02:08,790 --> 00:02:06,240 who we've worked hard with at canadian 49 00:02:10,949 --> 00:02:08,800 space agency matthew carone and the 50 00:02:13,350 --> 00:02:10,959 canadian space agency that have been the 51 00:02:15,430 --> 00:02:13,360 other part of this u.s 52 00:02:17,030 --> 00:02:15,440 canadian partnership and they are the 53 00:02:19,910 --> 00:02:17,040 folks that build 54 00:02:22,790 --> 00:02:19,920 the robotic arm the canadian robotic arm 55 00:02:25,110 --> 00:02:22,800 for iss and spit them 56 00:02:27,270 --> 00:02:25,120 did what we affectionately called the 57 00:02:28,710 --> 00:02:27,280 dexter robot which we will be using on 58 00:02:33,430 --> 00:02:28,720 this mission 59 00:02:34,869 --> 00:02:33,440 is going to talk about the details as to 60 00:02:38,309 --> 00:02:34,879 how it works 61 00:02:40,949 --> 00:02:38,319 but it focuses on two principal issues 62 00:02:43,350 --> 00:02:40,959 the first principle issue is the ability 63 00:02:45,670 --> 00:02:43,360 to capture and repair 64 00:02:48,150 --> 00:02:45,680 satellites that have never been designed 65 00:02:49,270 --> 00:02:48,160 for in-orbit repair or capture 66 00:02:52,070 --> 00:02:49,280 if you remember 67 00:02:54,070 --> 00:02:52,080 hubble and solar max had elements of 68 00:02:55,110 --> 00:02:54,080 designability incorporated into their 69 00:02:57,990 --> 00:02:55,120 systems 70 00:03:00,869 --> 00:02:58,000 where in fact they were amenable to 71 00:03:04,550 --> 00:03:00,879 repair via humans 72 00:03:06,869 --> 00:03:04,560 in the present state there's over 370 73 00:03:08,869 --> 00:03:06,879 semi-commercial communication satellites 74 00:03:09,830 --> 00:03:08,879 in geosynchronous orbit and over a 75 00:03:11,910 --> 00:03:09,840 hundred 76 00:03:13,910 --> 00:03:11,920 government-owned systems none of which 77 00:03:15,589 --> 00:03:13,920 have been designed for repair 78 00:03:17,589 --> 00:03:15,599 yet what we're trying to do and 79 00:03:18,949 --> 00:03:17,599 demonstrate is that the 80 00:03:20,470 --> 00:03:18,959 technology 81 00:03:21,990 --> 00:03:20,480 and capability 82 00:03:24,229 --> 00:03:22,000 through robotics 83 00:03:27,190 --> 00:03:24,239 today exists 84 00:03:28,550 --> 00:03:27,200 and by use of the space station external 85 00:03:30,470 --> 00:03:28,560 platform 86 00:03:33,190 --> 00:03:30,480 we can in fact 87 00:03:35,350 --> 00:03:33,200 eliminate or reduce the risks 88 00:03:37,670 --> 00:03:35,360 of doing those kinds of tasks 89 00:03:39,670 --> 00:03:37,680 robotically in space 90 00:03:41,030 --> 00:03:39,680 and so with that let me turn it over to 91 00:03:42,710 --> 00:03:41,040 ben 92 00:03:44,830 --> 00:03:42,720 and oh excuse me 93 00:03:47,270 --> 00:03:44,840 matt it's all 94 00:03:49,509 --> 00:03:47,280 yours you very much um the canadian 95 00:03:52,149 --> 00:03:49,519 space agency is very pleased to be 96 00:03:54,229 --> 00:03:52,159 collaborating with nasa on this on the 97 00:03:55,110 --> 00:03:54,239 robotics refueling mission 98 00:03:57,110 --> 00:03:55,120 um 99 00:03:58,710 --> 00:03:57,120 we're quite looking forward to to this 100 00:04:01,750 --> 00:03:58,720 demonstration that will show that that 101 00:04:04,470 --> 00:04:01,760 space robots can use special tools and 102 00:04:06,710 --> 00:04:04,480 unique maneuvers in order to 103 00:04:08,390 --> 00:04:06,720 to service satellites even to the extent 104 00:04:11,110 --> 00:04:08,400 of refueling them 105 00:04:12,869 --> 00:04:11,120 and as was pointed out this this mission 106 00:04:14,710 --> 00:04:12,879 will be using the canadian build dexter 107 00:04:16,390 --> 00:04:14,720 which is a two-armed robot which was 108 00:04:17,590 --> 00:04:16,400 designed for the the space station's 109 00:04:19,509 --> 00:04:17,600 maintenance 110 00:04:21,349 --> 00:04:19,519 but this will be the first time for 111 00:04:22,629 --> 00:04:21,359 dexter that that dexter will be involved 112 00:04:24,950 --> 00:04:22,639 in such a research and development 113 00:04:26,310 --> 00:04:24,960 project as opposed to the routine 114 00:04:28,310 --> 00:04:26,320 maintenance 115 00:04:29,909 --> 00:04:28,320 and logistics on board the international 116 00:04:32,070 --> 00:04:29,919 space station 117 00:04:33,350 --> 00:04:32,080 so in canada we're we're quite proud of 118 00:04:34,710 --> 00:04:33,360 our our legacy in the field of space 119 00:04:35,990 --> 00:04:34,720 robotics 120 00:04:37,350 --> 00:04:36,000 if we look at the canadarm which has 121 00:04:38,550 --> 00:04:37,360 been on the space shuttle for the last 122 00:04:40,310 --> 00:04:38,560 30 years 123 00:04:41,590 --> 00:04:40,320 we alluded to early 124 00:04:43,270 --> 00:04:41,600 satellite servicing missions for 125 00:04:44,950 --> 00:04:43,280 instance the hubble space telescope 126 00:04:46,550 --> 00:04:44,960 servicing missions where the shuttle 127 00:04:50,310 --> 00:04:46,560 astronauts used 128 00:04:51,830 --> 00:04:50,320 the count arm to to catch and retrieve 129 00:04:53,110 --> 00:04:51,840 satellites to be repaired before 130 00:04:54,070 --> 00:04:53,120 releasing them 131 00:04:56,070 --> 00:04:54,080 so 132 00:04:57,830 --> 00:04:56,080 really that we had a lot of success with 133 00:05:00,230 --> 00:04:57,840 this and if you look more recently we've 134 00:05:01,430 --> 00:05:00,240 celebrated 10 years of canadarm2 135 00:05:03,510 --> 00:05:01,440 operations 136 00:05:06,790 --> 00:05:03,520 onboard the space station and this 137 00:05:09,029 --> 00:05:06,800 anniversary also marked the decade of of 138 00:05:10,950 --> 00:05:09,039 of intense collaboration between nasa 139 00:05:12,790 --> 00:05:10,960 and the canadian space agency 140 00:05:14,950 --> 00:05:12,800 as our respective teams of engineers 141 00:05:17,350 --> 00:05:14,960 have been working very closely together 142 00:05:18,710 --> 00:05:17,360 in the preparation and execution of 143 00:05:20,870 --> 00:05:18,720 day-to-day 144 00:05:24,150 --> 00:05:20,880 robotics operations and now if you look 145 00:05:26,629 --> 00:05:24,160 with dexter more recently even more 146 00:05:29,189 --> 00:05:26,639 dexter has been used recently for to 147 00:05:30,710 --> 00:05:29,199 offload the kunatori japanese resupply 148 00:05:32,950 --> 00:05:30,720 vehicle 149 00:05:34,550 --> 00:05:32,960 later on this summer it will be used in 150 00:05:37,029 --> 00:05:34,560 order to 151 00:05:39,189 --> 00:05:37,039 to replace a remote power controller 152 00:05:41,110 --> 00:05:39,199 module on board the space station 153 00:05:42,950 --> 00:05:41,120 so you can see that 154 00:05:44,870 --> 00:05:42,960 the robotics refueling mission is really 155 00:05:46,710 --> 00:05:44,880 falls well in line with with canada's 156 00:05:48,550 --> 00:05:46,720 own 157 00:05:49,909 --> 00:05:48,560 efforts in order to advance the field of 158 00:05:52,070 --> 00:05:49,919 space robotics 159 00:05:53,590 --> 00:05:52,080 um and and falls in line also with our 160 00:05:55,909 --> 00:05:53,600 the development of our and next 161 00:05:57,590 --> 00:05:55,919 generation canadarm project 162 00:05:58,790 --> 00:05:57,600 and um 163 00:06:00,790 --> 00:05:58,800 basically uh 164 00:06:02,950 --> 00:06:00,800 one one key difference though is that so 165 00:06:05,430 --> 00:06:02,960 far dexter has been used primarily in 166 00:06:07,990 --> 00:06:05,440 order to maintain uh devices that have 167 00:06:10,230 --> 00:06:08,000 been designed for robotic manipulation 168 00:06:12,150 --> 00:06:10,240 so we're quite looking forward to see 169 00:06:13,430 --> 00:06:12,160 how dexter will perform with those new 170 00:06:14,710 --> 00:06:13,440 tools 171 00:06:16,390 --> 00:06:14,720 because if you look at the tasks 172 00:06:18,070 --> 00:06:16,400 involved which are 173 00:06:19,670 --> 00:06:18,080 you know removing caps 174 00:06:21,590 --> 00:06:19,680 cutting through the exterior of a simula 175 00:06:23,110 --> 00:06:21,600 as the simulated exterior of a satellite 176 00:06:25,670 --> 00:06:23,120 or 177 00:06:28,469 --> 00:06:25,680 connecting a hose to a fuel valve 178 00:06:29,430 --> 00:06:28,479 those are all tasks which will 179 00:06:31,590 --> 00:06:29,440 you know 180 00:06:33,430 --> 00:06:31,600 present unprecedented demands on 181 00:06:36,309 --> 00:06:33,440 dexter's sense of touch 182 00:06:37,909 --> 00:06:36,319 and and find emotion so we're we're 183 00:06:41,110 --> 00:06:37,919 quite looking forward to 184 00:06:43,270 --> 00:06:41,120 to executing those tasks and seeing um 185 00:06:44,710 --> 00:06:43,280 basically how we can work together share 186 00:06:46,710 --> 00:06:44,720 our expertise 187 00:06:48,950 --> 00:06:46,720 as we tackle those those 188 00:06:51,029 --> 00:06:48,960 well these these new operations thank 189 00:06:52,309 --> 00:06:51,039 you 190 00:06:54,230 --> 00:06:52,319 all right so now we'll go to ben and 191 00:06:56,710 --> 00:06:54,240 hill give us a demonstration on just 192 00:06:58,150 --> 00:06:56,720 what the rrm mission will look like 193 00:07:01,830 --> 00:06:58,160 thank you d wayne 194 00:07:03,909 --> 00:07:01,840 thank you sepi and and matt 195 00:07:05,670 --> 00:07:03,919 name is ben reed i am the deputy project 196 00:07:07,430 --> 00:07:05,680 manager of the satellite servicing 197 00:07:09,749 --> 00:07:07,440 capabilities office 198 00:07:11,749 --> 00:07:09,759 so you heard both sepi and matt talk 199 00:07:12,950 --> 00:07:11,759 about different satellite servicing 200 00:07:14,830 --> 00:07:12,960 capabilities 201 00:07:16,950 --> 00:07:14,840 i like to think of it as a three-legged 202 00:07:19,029 --> 00:07:16,960 stool the first leg of satellite 203 00:07:21,189 --> 00:07:19,039 servicing is repair 204 00:07:22,710 --> 00:07:21,199 and refueling so i'm going to talk a lot 205 00:07:23,830 --> 00:07:22,720 about repair and refueling in just a 206 00:07:26,309 --> 00:07:23,840 minute here 207 00:07:27,589 --> 00:07:26,319 the second leg is in-orbit construction 208 00:07:29,350 --> 00:07:27,599 you have something that's too big to fit 209 00:07:31,270 --> 00:07:29,360 in a single rocket when you fly up two 210 00:07:33,749 --> 00:07:31,280 halves you join in space that's another 211 00:07:36,629 --> 00:07:33,759 capability that satellite servicing 212 00:07:39,029 --> 00:07:36,639 brings to the agency and to the to the 213 00:07:42,629 --> 00:07:39,039 international space community 214 00:07:45,350 --> 00:07:42,639 the third is active orbital debris 215 00:07:47,029 --> 00:07:45,360 uh removal to be able to the ability to 216 00:07:48,550 --> 00:07:47,039 go up and grapple something that wasn't 217 00:07:50,550 --> 00:07:48,560 designed to be grappled and then do 218 00:07:52,950 --> 00:07:50,560 something with it push it up push it 219 00:07:54,950 --> 00:07:52,960 down dispose of it somehow so those are 220 00:07:57,510 --> 00:07:54,960 the three main 221 00:07:59,270 --> 00:07:57,520 legs of the satellite servicing stool so 222 00:08:01,430 --> 00:07:59,280 i'm going to talk a lot about repair and 223 00:08:03,990 --> 00:08:01,440 refueling 224 00:08:05,270 --> 00:08:04,000 so i've got four wonderful kids at home 225 00:08:06,710 --> 00:08:05,280 they're a little bit older now but when 226 00:08:08,550 --> 00:08:06,720 they were small 227 00:08:11,350 --> 00:08:08,560 i used to buy them toys obviously one of 228 00:08:13,189 --> 00:08:11,360 which was a fisher-price workbench right 229 00:08:14,710 --> 00:08:13,199 what comes in the box when you get it 230 00:08:16,790 --> 00:08:14,720 it's a little tool bench with some 231 00:08:19,110 --> 00:08:16,800 little plastic nails and a plastic 232 00:08:21,589 --> 00:08:19,120 hammer so the nails is what the hammer 233 00:08:23,430 --> 00:08:21,599 hits you don't get a little arm inside 234 00:08:25,670 --> 00:08:23,440 there to control it that's what the kid 235 00:08:27,749 --> 00:08:25,680 provides the kid picks up the tool hits 236 00:08:30,390 --> 00:08:27,759 the little plastic nails well that's 237 00:08:34,389 --> 00:08:30,400 exactly what we have here on our high 238 00:08:37,750 --> 00:08:34,399 fidelity mechanical simulator that we 239 00:08:41,909 --> 00:08:37,760 at goddard built so to help us with the 240 00:08:44,949 --> 00:08:41,919 rrm module which is obviously on um in 241 00:08:46,710 --> 00:08:44,959 the sts-135 right now ready for launch 242 00:08:49,350 --> 00:08:46,720 and just let me pause for a moment to 243 00:08:51,590 --> 00:08:49,360 say how humbled and proud we are to be 244 00:08:53,590 --> 00:08:51,600 part of sts-135 could not be more 245 00:08:55,110 --> 00:08:53,600 excited to be here 246 00:08:57,590 --> 00:08:55,120 for this launch 247 00:08:59,110 --> 00:08:57,600 so here we have our fisher-price toy box 248 00:09:01,110 --> 00:08:59,120 at the risk of being misquoted i'm going 249 00:09:03,190 --> 00:09:01,120 to try to stick with that analogy 250 00:09:04,790 --> 00:09:03,200 so 251 00:09:07,110 --> 00:09:04,800 what are the nails what are the things 252 00:09:09,269 --> 00:09:07,120 we're going to work on well those are 253 00:09:11,990 --> 00:09:09,279 legacy satellite interfaces interfaces 254 00:09:13,190 --> 00:09:12,000 that were not designed to be serviced in 255 00:09:16,070 --> 00:09:13,200 orbit 256 00:09:18,310 --> 00:09:16,080 primarily i will talk about a fill and 257 00:09:19,829 --> 00:09:18,320 drain valve so 258 00:09:22,470 --> 00:09:19,839 satellites 259 00:09:24,070 --> 00:09:22,480 that are built around the nation 260 00:09:26,150 --> 00:09:24,080 at goddard and many other places are 261 00:09:27,829 --> 00:09:26,160 sent to kennedy for processing they are 262 00:09:29,829 --> 00:09:27,839 empty they have no propellant inside 263 00:09:31,350 --> 00:09:29,839 when they arrive they get to the launch 264 00:09:33,269 --> 00:09:31,360 pad and now they're ready to receive 265 00:09:35,269 --> 00:09:33,279 their propellant right very hazardous so 266 00:09:36,870 --> 00:09:35,279 we do it late in the flow 267 00:09:38,790 --> 00:09:36,880 so this is what a fill and drain valve 268 00:09:40,630 --> 00:09:38,800 looks like right you see a quarter inch 269 00:09:42,230 --> 00:09:40,640 diameter hole here so somehow we're 270 00:09:43,829 --> 00:09:42,240 going to get the fuel in through this 271 00:09:45,910 --> 00:09:43,839 quarter inch diameter hole into the 272 00:09:48,949 --> 00:09:45,920 satellite so when it gets in orbit it's 273 00:09:51,829 --> 00:09:48,959 got propellant so they thread on to this 274 00:09:53,070 --> 00:09:51,839 last male threads here they pump in the 275 00:09:56,550 --> 00:09:53,080 hydrazine 276 00:09:58,550 --> 00:09:56,560 tetroxide 277 00:10:00,949 --> 00:09:58,560 they then rotate this silver nut here 278 00:10:02,949 --> 00:10:00,959 and that closes off an internal seal now 279 00:10:04,470 --> 00:10:02,959 the fluid is contained inside the 280 00:10:06,470 --> 00:10:04,480 satellite but 281 00:10:08,470 --> 00:10:06,480 it's so hazardous they need extra 282 00:10:11,110 --> 00:10:08,480 precaution right if that seal were to 283 00:10:13,430 --> 00:10:11,120 fail and to propel them or to leak out 284 00:10:16,150 --> 00:10:13,440 very bad for the humans in the area and 285 00:10:18,550 --> 00:10:16,160 we like to be safe so they put on 286 00:10:21,509 --> 00:10:18,560 a secondary cap that provides additional 287 00:10:23,030 --> 00:10:21,519 safety and it is cleverly called a 288 00:10:23,990 --> 00:10:23,040 safety cap 289 00:10:26,389 --> 00:10:24,000 so 290 00:10:28,069 --> 00:10:26,399 safety cap goes on next now we've got 291 00:10:30,470 --> 00:10:28,079 two seals the internal seal and the 292 00:10:32,630 --> 00:10:30,480 safety cap 293 00:10:35,110 --> 00:10:32,640 now they put on safety wire to prevent 294 00:10:37,509 --> 00:10:35,120 the actuation nut or the safety cap from 295 00:10:40,069 --> 00:10:37,519 inadvertently backing off during launch 296 00:10:41,750 --> 00:10:40,079 loads or ground processing loads they 297 00:10:43,829 --> 00:10:41,760 put safety wire 298 00:10:47,190 --> 00:10:43,839 to hold it in place and i'll show you 299 00:10:49,750 --> 00:10:47,200 safety wire on the module in a moment 300 00:10:51,509 --> 00:10:49,760 finally they put on a tertiary cap the 301 00:10:52,790 --> 00:10:51,519 tertiary cap goes over the whole 302 00:10:54,790 --> 00:10:52,800 assembly 303 00:10:56,630 --> 00:10:54,800 and it is safety wired shut so now we 304 00:10:58,230 --> 00:10:56,640 have two fault tolerance two of the 305 00:11:00,630 --> 00:10:58,240 seals can fail we've got a third one 306 00:11:03,670 --> 00:11:00,640 that will keep the hazardous fuel inside 307 00:11:05,269 --> 00:11:03,680 the spacecraft not where the humans are 308 00:11:06,870 --> 00:11:05,279 so if we're going to undo this 309 00:11:08,550 --> 00:11:06,880 robotically we've got to reverse those 310 00:11:09,990 --> 00:11:08,560 steps so 311 00:11:12,550 --> 00:11:10,000 safety wire is the first thing we need 312 00:11:16,389 --> 00:11:12,560 to tackle so take a guess what we call 313 00:11:18,710 --> 00:11:16,399 the tool that we use to cut wire 314 00:11:20,710 --> 00:11:18,720 the wire cutter tool exactly right 315 00:11:22,630 --> 00:11:20,720 so we have a wire cutter tool 316 00:11:24,470 --> 00:11:22,640 and rather than pulling out of the bays 317 00:11:25,990 --> 00:11:24,480 where it's stored for launch i'll show 318 00:11:27,110 --> 00:11:26,000 you this one so here's our wire cutter 319 00:11:30,870 --> 00:11:27,120 tool 320 00:11:32,310 --> 00:11:30,880 has at the tip of it 321 00:11:34,389 --> 00:11:32,320 a hook it's kind of hard to see it's on 322 00:11:37,110 --> 00:11:34,399 the back side that we use to hook around 323 00:11:38,150 --> 00:11:37,120 a piece of wire we then use the dexter 324 00:11:39,750 --> 00:11:38,160 robot 325 00:11:42,550 --> 00:11:39,760 by our good friends at the canadian 326 00:11:45,190 --> 00:11:42,560 space agency which is holding our tool 327 00:11:47,269 --> 00:11:45,200 to drive the torque or drive which 328 00:11:48,949 --> 00:11:47,279 activates a lead screw inside and it 329 00:11:51,030 --> 00:11:48,959 closes down a little blade which chops 330 00:11:53,030 --> 00:11:51,040 the wire in half so now we've just done 331 00:11:55,590 --> 00:11:53,040 our first robotic activity 332 00:11:57,590 --> 00:11:55,600 this robotic activity is controlled via 333 00:12:00,150 --> 00:11:57,600 our friends down in johnson space center 334 00:12:01,509 --> 00:12:00,160 a partner with us on the rrm mission 335 00:12:03,910 --> 00:12:01,519 they are flying the robot they are 336 00:12:05,750 --> 00:12:03,920 flying the dexter robot from the thicker 337 00:12:08,389 --> 00:12:05,760 one at mission control in houston so 338 00:12:11,509 --> 00:12:08,399 very tight collaboration with our robo 339 00:12:14,150 --> 00:12:11,519 friends in houston so we cut the wire 340 00:12:16,150 --> 00:12:14,160 and now we're ready to we put that tool 341 00:12:17,670 --> 00:12:16,160 away now we're ready to go after the 342 00:12:25,030 --> 00:12:17,680 tertiary cap 343 00:12:27,030 --> 00:12:25,040 that be the sole function of the tool 344 00:12:28,389 --> 00:12:27,040 we designed a tool that has multiple 345 00:12:30,790 --> 00:12:28,399 functions 346 00:12:32,389 --> 00:12:30,800 so we call it the multi-function tool 347 00:12:33,829 --> 00:12:32,399 so the multi-function tool will pick up 348 00:12:35,990 --> 00:12:33,839 one of four adapters and the four 349 00:12:38,150 --> 00:12:36,000 adapters are stored in these four 350 00:12:39,509 --> 00:12:38,160 receptacles you see on top of our 351 00:12:41,829 --> 00:12:39,519 mock-up here 352 00:12:44,069 --> 00:12:41,839 so we pick up the tertiary cap adapter 353 00:12:46,310 --> 00:12:44,079 out of this location 354 00:12:48,470 --> 00:12:46,320 it attaches to the end of the 355 00:12:49,269 --> 00:12:48,480 multi-function tool and now with that 356 00:12:53,430 --> 00:12:49,279 tool 357 00:12:54,710 --> 00:12:53,440 we engage the tertiary cap unscrew it 358 00:12:57,110 --> 00:12:54,720 take it off 359 00:12:59,910 --> 00:12:57,120 so that cap is then stowed 360 00:13:02,150 --> 00:12:59,920 in here and now we've exposed the two 361 00:13:04,389 --> 00:13:02,160 safety wires and the safety cap 362 00:13:06,069 --> 00:13:04,399 we picked the wire cutter tool back up 363 00:13:07,829 --> 00:13:06,079 we cut the two pieces of wire here just 364 00:13:08,949 --> 00:13:07,839 like we did the first one 365 00:13:11,269 --> 00:13:08,959 and 366 00:13:13,910 --> 00:13:11,279 we then use our safety cap tool 367 00:13:15,509 --> 00:13:13,920 and i will remove the safety cap tool 368 00:13:20,389 --> 00:13:15,519 just the way the dexter robot would do 369 00:13:23,590 --> 00:13:21,829 so 370 00:13:26,470 --> 00:13:23,600 this is how the safety cap tool is 371 00:13:27,590 --> 00:13:26,480 removed so here is our 18 pound safety 372 00:13:29,430 --> 00:13:27,600 cap tool 373 00:13:31,269 --> 00:13:29,440 it looks rather complex let me see if i 374 00:13:33,350 --> 00:13:31,279 can break it down a little bit simpler 375 00:13:35,190 --> 00:13:33,360 so the active part of the tool is right 376 00:13:37,430 --> 00:13:35,200 down the center the center shaft is 377 00:13:40,870 --> 00:13:37,440 where all the gears the mechanisms are 378 00:13:42,310 --> 00:13:40,880 that allow the dexter robot to actuate 379 00:13:45,189 --> 00:13:42,320 its torque or drive 380 00:13:48,069 --> 00:13:45,199 to engage the safety cap and unscrew it 381 00:13:50,150 --> 00:13:48,079 from the robot well the robo flyers as 382 00:13:51,350 --> 00:13:50,160 good as they are down in houston they 383 00:13:53,189 --> 00:13:51,360 have to be able to see what they're 384 00:13:55,829 --> 00:13:53,199 doing obviously so 385 00:13:58,470 --> 00:13:55,839 we have two integral cameras and their 386 00:13:59,350 --> 00:13:58,480 led lights which allow the robo flyer to 387 00:14:01,670 --> 00:13:59,360 see 388 00:14:02,629 --> 00:14:01,680 the business end of the tool 389 00:14:05,030 --> 00:14:02,639 so 390 00:14:07,750 --> 00:14:05,040 the safety cap tool then engages the 391 00:14:11,509 --> 00:14:07,760 safety cap removes it 392 00:14:14,470 --> 00:14:11,519 and that part of the job is done 393 00:14:17,030 --> 00:14:14,480 so now we have an exposed or 394 00:14:19,910 --> 00:14:17,040 naked fill and drain valve so the safety 395 00:14:21,590 --> 00:14:19,920 cap has now been removed 396 00:14:23,269 --> 00:14:21,600 leaving behind a fill and drain valve 397 00:14:25,110 --> 00:14:23,279 that looks like this so now we would 398 00:14:27,030 --> 00:14:25,120 need to 399 00:14:28,389 --> 00:14:27,040 do the robotic activity to attach to 400 00:14:30,949 --> 00:14:28,399 these male threads 401 00:14:32,790 --> 00:14:30,959 and transfer fluid into it just as a 402 00:14:34,550 --> 00:14:32,800 spacecraft in orbit would give the 403 00:14:36,150 --> 00:14:34,560 customer satellite 404 00:14:37,269 --> 00:14:36,160 more propellant 405 00:14:39,910 --> 00:14:37,279 so 406 00:14:41,430 --> 00:14:39,920 we use our final tool here our fourth 407 00:14:43,670 --> 00:14:41,440 tool 408 00:14:45,269 --> 00:14:43,680 and that is an embedded acronym 409 00:14:47,829 --> 00:14:45,279 it's the evr 410 00:14:50,470 --> 00:14:47,839 nozzle tool or ent 411 00:14:52,069 --> 00:14:50,480 so not an eva activity no astronauts 412 00:14:54,310 --> 00:14:52,079 involved with this demonstration it's 413 00:14:55,750 --> 00:14:54,320 all robotic so it's an evr 414 00:14:56,949 --> 00:14:55,760 nozzle tool 415 00:14:58,629 --> 00:14:56,959 and you can see what's different about 416 00:15:00,470 --> 00:14:58,639 this one right off the bat is that it 417 00:15:02,550 --> 00:15:00,480 has this hose connected to it well 418 00:15:04,790 --> 00:15:02,560 obviously we have to flow fluid somehow 419 00:15:07,509 --> 00:15:04,800 so we use that hose 420 00:15:10,069 --> 00:15:07,519 which after we thread on to the exposed 421 00:15:12,949 --> 00:15:10,079 threads here we're able to pump fluid 422 00:15:15,829 --> 00:15:12,959 through the ent and into an internal 423 00:15:18,310 --> 00:15:15,839 system we have a series of tanks valves 424 00:15:21,829 --> 00:15:18,320 latches inside 425 00:15:24,069 --> 00:15:21,839 the module that we command through elc 426 00:15:25,509 --> 00:15:24,079 via our other partner in this mission 427 00:15:28,230 --> 00:15:25,519 and that is the marshall space flight 428 00:15:31,430 --> 00:15:28,240 center we have been working very well uh 429 00:15:32,230 --> 00:15:31,440 with the command team down at marshall 430 00:15:44,230 --> 00:15:32,240 to 431 00:15:45,910 --> 00:15:44,240 about the the steps involved with 432 00:15:47,430 --> 00:15:45,920 robotic refueling 433 00:15:50,949 --> 00:15:47,440 we have a lot of other tasks we're going 434 00:15:52,550 --> 00:15:50,959 to do on this mission but refueling is 435 00:15:54,230 --> 00:15:52,560 one of them so 436 00:15:56,310 --> 00:15:54,240 i have a video now that i've gone into 437 00:15:58,710 --> 00:15:56,320 great detail and i'm sure have confused 438 00:15:59,749 --> 00:15:58,720 all of you if we could roll the video 439 00:16:01,590 --> 00:15:59,759 please 440 00:16:03,189 --> 00:16:01,600 and you'll be able to get 441 00:16:08,069 --> 00:16:03,199 an overview of what the mission is going 442 00:16:10,949 --> 00:16:09,269 okay 443 00:16:13,670 --> 00:16:10,959 so 444 00:16:16,150 --> 00:16:13,680 after launch on flight day five 445 00:16:18,629 --> 00:16:16,160 we will be picked up by the eva crew 446 00:16:22,550 --> 00:16:18,639 member the iss eva crew member and 447 00:16:24,230 --> 00:16:22,560 transfer it over to the eotp platform 448 00:16:28,150 --> 00:16:24,240 a few weeks after that we'll be moved 449 00:16:30,150 --> 00:16:28,160 from the eotp platform to elc 4 450 00:16:31,590 --> 00:16:30,160 which is at the far right side of the 451 00:16:34,310 --> 00:16:31,600 video screen 452 00:16:35,509 --> 00:16:34,320 once we are located on elc 4 453 00:16:37,110 --> 00:16:35,519 then the 454 00:16:38,949 --> 00:16:37,120 ssrms 455 00:16:40,629 --> 00:16:38,959 picking up the two arm dexter will be 456 00:16:41,430 --> 00:16:40,639 moved over just as you see in the video 457 00:16:43,350 --> 00:16:41,440 now 458 00:16:45,670 --> 00:16:43,360 and it will begin the operation so i've 459 00:16:46,710 --> 00:16:45,680 talked about the four tools that will be 460 00:16:48,870 --> 00:16:46,720 picked up 461 00:16:49,670 --> 00:16:48,880 here you can see in the video 462 00:16:53,269 --> 00:16:49,680 that 463 00:16:55,030 --> 00:16:53,279 one of dexter's arms is going in 464 00:16:58,069 --> 00:16:55,040 and making contact 465 00:17:00,790 --> 00:16:58,079 so this shows you from a big picture how 466 00:17:03,670 --> 00:17:00,800 at the end of a 55 foot arm the two arm 467 00:17:06,710 --> 00:17:03,680 dexter will be doing the operations 468 00:17:09,909 --> 00:17:06,720 so here you see a split screen 469 00:17:12,150 --> 00:17:09,919 the image in the upper left is the view 470 00:17:13,990 --> 00:17:12,160 that the robo flyer will get right these 471 00:17:16,230 --> 00:17:14,000 are from the the camera is located on 472 00:17:18,069 --> 00:17:16,240 top you see the god's eye view in the 473 00:17:20,390 --> 00:17:18,079 center of the screen but you see the 474 00:17:22,549 --> 00:17:20,400 tool camera view so that's the view that 475 00:17:23,270 --> 00:17:22,559 the robo flyer gets when the operations 476 00:17:25,350 --> 00:17:23,280 are 477 00:17:27,669 --> 00:17:25,360 being conducted so you can see that 478 00:17:30,549 --> 00:17:27,679 safety wire is mighty hard to see so it 479 00:17:32,390 --> 00:17:30,559 took a tremendous amount of coordination 480 00:17:35,669 --> 00:17:32,400 with our tool development team 481 00:17:38,789 --> 00:17:35,679 at goddard the robo flyers at johnson 482 00:17:40,470 --> 00:17:38,799 the operations folks up at csa who are 483 00:17:42,950 --> 00:17:40,480 building um 484 00:17:44,710 --> 00:17:42,960 the re configuration files for the robot 485 00:17:46,710 --> 00:17:44,720 for this so tremendous amount of 486 00:17:48,789 --> 00:17:46,720 coordination was required 487 00:17:50,310 --> 00:17:48,799 so now you see 488 00:17:52,390 --> 00:17:50,320 a close-up view 489 00:17:53,110 --> 00:17:52,400 of the very end of dexter's arm picking 490 00:17:55,350 --> 00:17:53,120 up 491 00:17:58,950 --> 00:17:55,360 the multi-function tool 492 00:18:00,390 --> 00:17:58,960 quiz anyone paying attention what does 493 00:18:02,870 --> 00:18:00,400 it need to pick up to remove the 494 00:18:06,710 --> 00:18:02,880 tertiary cap 495 00:18:09,669 --> 00:18:06,720 people in the audience that are on my 496 00:18:10,950 --> 00:18:09,679 team you guys should know the answer 497 00:18:13,590 --> 00:18:10,960 all right so here we have the tertiary 498 00:18:15,909 --> 00:18:13,600 cap adapter and it is going to go after 499 00:18:18,230 --> 00:18:15,919 you got it the tertiary cap again the 500 00:18:20,150 --> 00:18:18,240 split screen the window and window 501 00:18:23,430 --> 00:18:20,160 that is the actual laboratory footage 502 00:18:25,110 --> 00:18:23,440 sped up tremendously i might add 503 00:18:26,710 --> 00:18:25,120 the removing of the tertiary cap so 504 00:18:29,350 --> 00:18:26,720 we've done these operations on the 505 00:18:31,590 --> 00:18:29,360 ground in the lab many many times what 506 00:18:35,590 --> 00:18:31,600 we haven't done is these operations in 507 00:18:36,870 --> 00:18:35,600 orbit so that's what rrm is it's the on 508 00:18:39,430 --> 00:18:36,880 orbit 509 00:18:42,950 --> 00:18:39,440 the zero-g demonstration 510 00:18:44,390 --> 00:18:42,960 of robotic refueling of legacy 511 00:18:46,150 --> 00:18:44,400 interfaces 512 00:18:47,590 --> 00:18:46,160 for the first time 513 00:18:48,950 --> 00:18:47,600 again we've done it many times on the 514 00:18:50,390 --> 00:18:48,960 ground but we've never been able we've 515 00:18:51,669 --> 00:18:50,400 never done it in orbit so that's what 516 00:18:54,950 --> 00:18:51,679 rrm we 517 00:18:56,950 --> 00:18:54,960 anticipate it enabling future missions 518 00:18:59,750 --> 00:18:56,960 future capabilities for the 519 00:19:01,430 --> 00:18:59,760 international aerospace community 520 00:19:03,350 --> 00:19:01,440 thank you very much 521 00:19:04,870 --> 00:19:03,360 all right so now we'll open up for 522 00:19:06,549 --> 00:19:04,880 questions 523 00:19:08,150 --> 00:19:06,559 i'll ask that you wait for the 524 00:19:09,669 --> 00:19:08,160 microphone first 525 00:19:10,470 --> 00:19:09,679 when we get there please state your full 526 00:19:12,310 --> 00:19:10,480 name 527 00:19:14,150 --> 00:19:12,320 and your affiliation 528 00:19:17,669 --> 00:19:14,160 so we'll begin with the gentleman 529 00:19:20,789 --> 00:19:19,590 uh jim siegel celebration independent 530 00:19:22,549 --> 00:19:20,799 newspaper 531 00:19:23,909 --> 00:19:22,559 um i may be a little slow here i just 532 00:19:25,590 --> 00:19:23,919 kind of wanted to make sure that i 533 00:19:27,830 --> 00:19:25,600 understood what you were talking about 534 00:19:29,590 --> 00:19:27,840 so this this module 535 00:19:31,510 --> 00:19:29,600 is going to be attached to the outside 536 00:19:33,669 --> 00:19:31,520 of the international space station 537 00:19:35,350 --> 00:19:33,679 correct correct and it's going to stay 538 00:19:37,350 --> 00:19:35,360 there indefinitely is that correct it's 539 00:19:39,430 --> 00:19:37,360 not coming back or land operation just 540 00:19:42,230 --> 00:19:39,440 two years of operations afterward that 541 00:19:43,669 --> 00:19:42,240 is the current plan okay and then the 542 00:19:48,549 --> 00:19:43,679 arm 543 00:19:50,950 --> 00:19:48,559 would uh capture and retrieve a 544 00:19:53,110 --> 00:19:50,960 satellite 545 00:19:56,630 --> 00:19:53,120 correct let me correct you there okay so 546 00:19:58,310 --> 00:19:56,640 rather than bringing a satellite to iss 547 00:20:00,150 --> 00:19:58,320 that would be rather challenging to do 548 00:20:01,909 --> 00:20:00,160 from an orbit dynamics point of view and 549 00:20:04,470 --> 00:20:01,919 from a safety point of view 550 00:20:06,870 --> 00:20:04,480 so rather than bringing a customer 551 00:20:09,190 --> 00:20:06,880 satellite to iss first we need to 552 00:20:10,870 --> 00:20:09,200 demonstrate the technology on mock 553 00:20:12,789 --> 00:20:10,880 satellite interfaces 554 00:20:15,270 --> 00:20:12,799 so what you see here 555 00:20:18,549 --> 00:20:15,280 is a fill and drain valve that is 556 00:20:20,630 --> 00:20:18,559 exactly like it would be on 557 00:20:23,590 --> 00:20:20,640 a real satellite in orbit so we are 558 00:20:25,590 --> 00:20:23,600 going to demonstrate the capability here 559 00:20:27,590 --> 00:20:25,600 before we do it for real on a satellite 560 00:20:30,149 --> 00:20:27,600 so i've seen in the press i've seen in 561 00:20:33,190 --> 00:20:30,159 the press it is easy to talk about rrm 562 00:20:36,070 --> 00:20:33,200 as a gas station in space 563 00:20:38,390 --> 00:20:36,080 that is the next mission this mission is 564 00:20:40,549 --> 00:20:38,400 to show that the technology exists today 565 00:20:42,710 --> 00:20:40,559 to show that we have the the capability 566 00:20:44,470 --> 00:20:42,720 today rather than to start refueling 567 00:20:46,149 --> 00:20:44,480 satellites 568 00:20:48,710 --> 00:20:46,159 a week from now when we're in orbit okay 569 00:20:51,350 --> 00:20:48,720 so this demonstration module is going to 570 00:20:53,190 --> 00:20:51,360 stay attached to the iss for two years 571 00:20:55,350 --> 00:20:53,200 yes and it's going to be 572 00:20:57,909 --> 00:20:55,360 only demonstrating it's not going to be 573 00:21:00,310 --> 00:20:57,919 servicing any other i went into great 574 00:21:02,149 --> 00:21:00,320 detail about the refueling part of it we 575 00:21:04,149 --> 00:21:02,159 have five major tasks that we are going 576 00:21:06,549 --> 00:21:04,159 to do with rrm but for the sake of time 577 00:21:09,350 --> 00:21:06,559 i focus just on refueling we have a lot 578 00:21:11,830 --> 00:21:09,360 of other interfaces you can see 579 00:21:13,590 --> 00:21:11,840 she's a pretty porcupine is she not 580 00:21:15,270 --> 00:21:13,600 well 581 00:21:16,630 --> 00:21:15,280 there we've got lots of other tools 582 00:21:18,230 --> 00:21:16,640 we've got lots of other adapters we've 583 00:21:21,270 --> 00:21:18,240 got lots of other legacy satellite 584 00:21:22,870 --> 00:21:21,280 interfaces that we're going to practice 585 00:21:25,590 --> 00:21:22,880 limited repair 586 00:21:27,669 --> 00:21:25,600 and other servicing tasks on it so i've 587 00:21:29,270 --> 00:21:27,679 just talked about refueling today so 588 00:21:31,430 --> 00:21:29,280 it's going to take us two years to make 589 00:21:32,390 --> 00:21:31,440 it through the entire gamut of planned 590 00:21:34,230 --> 00:21:32,400 tasks 591 00:21:35,190 --> 00:21:34,240 and then there is is there a timeline 592 00:21:38,070 --> 00:21:35,200 for 593 00:21:40,149 --> 00:21:38,080 when something like this an operational 594 00:21:41,909 --> 00:21:40,159 phase ii whatever device 595 00:21:44,549 --> 00:21:41,919 would be attached to the space station 596 00:21:46,470 --> 00:21:44,559 and the idea is eventually phase two 597 00:21:48,390 --> 00:21:46,480 phase three whatever to capture 598 00:21:51,350 --> 00:21:48,400 satellites and bring them in and the 599 00:21:54,470 --> 00:21:51,360 substance the subsequent phase would be 600 00:21:57,029 --> 00:21:54,480 to build a standalone robotic servicing 601 00:22:01,350 --> 00:21:57,039 spacecraft to go do real satellites in 602 00:22:02,950 --> 00:22:01,360 orbit orbit dynamics being what they are 603 00:22:05,190 --> 00:22:02,960 if you're not near space station it 604 00:22:06,710 --> 00:22:05,200 takes a tremendous amount of fuel to get 605 00:22:09,029 --> 00:22:06,720 there so 606 00:22:11,190 --> 00:22:09,039 or somebody to need service in orbit you 607 00:22:13,350 --> 00:22:11,200 send a tow truck to them or 608 00:22:15,110 --> 00:22:13,360 geosynchronous orbit as my boss frank 609 00:22:17,029 --> 00:22:15,120 seppolina mentioned there's well over 610 00:22:18,230 --> 00:22:17,039 400 satellites they're all at the same 611 00:22:20,390 --> 00:22:18,240 altitude 612 00:22:21,510 --> 00:22:20,400 almost the same angle and going the same 613 00:22:23,510 --> 00:22:21,520 direction 614 00:22:26,230 --> 00:22:23,520 so geosynchronous orbit seems like a 615 00:22:28,070 --> 00:22:26,240 very logical place to launch the first 616 00:22:28,950 --> 00:22:28,080 servicing mission right you're not going 617 00:22:33,590 --> 00:22:28,960 to 618 00:22:34,870 --> 00:22:33,600 come by right 619 00:22:36,950 --> 00:22:34,880 you're going to put it strategically 620 00:22:39,510 --> 00:22:36,960 where you can get to a lot of customers 621 00:22:41,830 --> 00:22:39,520 quickly so were i to be designing a 622 00:22:43,029 --> 00:22:41,840 mission to go and service satellites to 623 00:22:45,110 --> 00:22:43,039 space i'd want to go where there's a lot 624 00:22:46,950 --> 00:22:45,120 of customers going the same direction to 625 00:22:48,390 --> 00:22:46,960 minimize the amount of fuel to get to 626 00:22:50,710 --> 00:22:48,400 them and that would be geosynchronous 627 00:22:52,950 --> 00:22:50,720 orbit 628 00:22:54,630 --> 00:22:52,960 all right so gentlemen right here the 629 00:22:57,029 --> 00:22:54,640 front 630 00:22:58,870 --> 00:22:57,039 hi ken kramer space flight magazine um 631 00:23:01,110 --> 00:22:58,880 question about the canadian involvement 632 00:23:03,270 --> 00:23:01,120 i was wondering um when when dexter was 633 00:23:05,590 --> 00:23:03,280 uh was launched and 634 00:23:07,909 --> 00:23:05,600 conceptualized was was this 635 00:23:10,870 --> 00:23:07,919 rrm on the plate or was this kind of 636 00:23:12,390 --> 00:23:10,880 added afterwards thanks 637 00:23:14,950 --> 00:23:12,400 that's a very good question no it was 638 00:23:17,110 --> 00:23:14,960 not so basically dexter's main mission 639 00:23:18,549 --> 00:23:17,120 on board the station is to 640 00:23:20,310 --> 00:23:18,559 perform maintenance and logistics 641 00:23:21,830 --> 00:23:20,320 operations for 642 00:23:23,909 --> 00:23:21,840 components that have been designed to be 643 00:23:27,510 --> 00:23:23,919 handled robotically and clearly one of 644 00:23:28,630 --> 00:23:27,520 the purposes of this demonstration is to 645 00:23:30,470 --> 00:23:28,640 demonstrate that you can actually 646 00:23:33,110 --> 00:23:30,480 interact with components that have not 647 00:23:35,110 --> 00:23:33,120 been designed for robotic manipulation 648 00:23:36,870 --> 00:23:35,120 so i think we had enough flexibility in 649 00:23:38,950 --> 00:23:36,880 the system 650 00:23:40,870 --> 00:23:38,960 the ability to interface with tools to 651 00:23:43,750 --> 00:23:40,880 upgrade software to 652 00:23:45,750 --> 00:23:43,760 optimize its performance using special 653 00:23:48,230 --> 00:23:45,760 specialized robotics 654 00:23:49,990 --> 00:23:48,240 configuration files that allows us to do 655 00:23:51,669 --> 00:23:50,000 that but definitely one of the objective 656 00:23:53,909 --> 00:23:51,679 for us of this 657 00:23:55,750 --> 00:23:53,919 of this particular demonstration is to 658 00:23:58,870 --> 00:23:55,760 see just how far we can push dexter and 659 00:24:01,350 --> 00:23:58,880 accomplish those those exciting tasks 660 00:24:04,390 --> 00:24:01,360 that must be very exciting 661 00:24:07,190 --> 00:24:04,400 a very exciting uh uh avenue for you are 662 00:24:08,630 --> 00:24:07,200 there any other um dexter um 663 00:24:10,549 --> 00:24:08,640 operations coming up that are new that 664 00:24:12,789 --> 00:24:10,559 you could tell us about 665 00:24:15,029 --> 00:24:12,799 well dexter really has been in full 666 00:24:17,990 --> 00:24:15,039 operation since 2010 it arrived in 2008 667 00:24:20,230 --> 00:24:18,000 but we really started in earnest to to 668 00:24:20,950 --> 00:24:20,240 operate it for for instance to offload 669 00:24:25,269 --> 00:24:20,960 the 670 00:24:28,230 --> 00:24:25,279 next year 671 00:24:29,830 --> 00:24:28,240 sorry later on this summer we will be 672 00:24:32,390 --> 00:24:29,840 changing out a remote power controller 673 00:24:34,950 --> 00:24:32,400 module if you recall last year we had 674 00:24:36,950 --> 00:24:34,960 we had attempted to do so but the 675 00:24:39,590 --> 00:24:36,960 the module did not meet exactly all the 676 00:24:41,990 --> 00:24:39,600 the required robotics requirements 677 00:24:43,830 --> 00:24:42,000 and uh but we were able to perform more 678 00:24:46,549 --> 00:24:43,840 analysis and now we're we're going to 679 00:24:49,669 --> 00:24:46,559 continue doing so so in a way 680 00:24:52,390 --> 00:24:49,679 um all new operations every every new on 681 00:24:54,789 --> 00:24:52,400 orbit replaceable unit we we we change 682 00:24:56,230 --> 00:24:54,799 out brings us a wealth of additional 683 00:24:58,070 --> 00:24:56,240 knowledge for us 684 00:25:00,230 --> 00:24:58,080 if you look just at the operation of the 685 00:25:01,990 --> 00:25:00,240 of dexter it originally it was uh 686 00:25:03,590 --> 00:25:02,000 conceived as purely operated by 687 00:25:05,510 --> 00:25:03,600 astronauts onboard the station and now 688 00:25:07,669 --> 00:25:05,520 its primary mode of operation has 689 00:25:09,669 --> 00:25:07,679 transitioned over to ground operators so 690 00:25:11,350 --> 00:25:09,679 it's a very exciting time for all 691 00:25:15,190 --> 00:25:11,360 involved 692 00:25:18,310 --> 00:25:15,200 all right take this gentleman right here 693 00:25:20,390 --> 00:25:18,320 yeah hi mike wahl from space.com um so 694 00:25:21,510 --> 00:25:20,400 yeah so this is actually already i mean 695 00:25:23,510 --> 00:25:21,520 you've already shown this can work in 696 00:25:25,029 --> 00:25:23,520 the lab i was just wondering i mean what 697 00:25:26,390 --> 00:25:25,039 are your your kind of thoughts about 698 00:25:28,230 --> 00:25:26,400 what the main challenges are going to be 699 00:25:29,190 --> 00:25:28,240 in space what are what are some of the 700 00:25:31,110 --> 00:25:29,200 biggest hurdles that you're going to 701 00:25:33,029 --> 00:25:31,120 have to overcome and i mean how much 702 00:25:35,909 --> 00:25:33,039 more difficult is that going to be than 703 00:25:37,510 --> 00:25:35,919 what you've already seen it do 704 00:25:39,190 --> 00:25:37,520 so to answer that question it sounds 705 00:25:41,350 --> 00:25:39,200 like we need somebody with expertise in 706 00:25:42,950 --> 00:25:41,360 both robotics and in 707 00:25:44,310 --> 00:25:42,960 tools 708 00:25:45,669 --> 00:25:44,320 so 709 00:25:48,549 --> 00:25:45,679 i would like to turn it over to my 710 00:25:50,470 --> 00:25:48,559 colleague joe mcguire jill it was the 711 00:25:51,669 --> 00:25:50,480 tool manager for the hubble servicing 712 00:25:54,390 --> 00:25:51,679 missions 713 00:25:57,190 --> 00:25:54,400 and she is a project manager for 714 00:25:58,470 --> 00:25:57,200 rrm here so jill would you uh help me 715 00:25:59,990 --> 00:25:58,480 answer this one 716 00:26:01,430 --> 00:26:00,000 i knew that uh 717 00:26:03,190 --> 00:26:01,440 ben prepped me to say he was going to 718 00:26:05,110 --> 00:26:03,200 turn a question over me i see he decided 719 00:26:08,870 --> 00:26:05,120 to give me the hard question save the 720 00:26:11,029 --> 00:26:08,880 easy ones for himself i'm no dummy 721 00:26:12,549 --> 00:26:11,039 so um just to make sure i understood 722 00:26:14,470 --> 00:26:12,559 what you asked the biggest difference 723 00:26:16,310 --> 00:26:14,480 between doing this in the ground in in 724 00:26:17,909 --> 00:26:16,320 orbit what we can expect the biggest 725 00:26:20,789 --> 00:26:17,919 difference is really in the orbital 726 00:26:23,190 --> 00:26:20,799 dynamics or how the contact dynamics 727 00:26:25,750 --> 00:26:23,200 on the ground we can control it 728 00:26:28,390 --> 00:26:25,760 how when we interface to this we can't 729 00:26:29,990 --> 00:26:28,400 100 percent control that in space and if 730 00:26:33,350 --> 00:26:30,000 you think about when we use the dexter 731 00:26:35,750 --> 00:26:33,360 robot it's on the end of the canadian 732 00:26:38,070 --> 00:26:35,760 arm 2. so you've got the dynamics in 733 00:26:40,710 --> 00:26:38,080 play between the canadian r2 and the 734 00:26:42,230 --> 00:26:40,720 spdm robot and then our tool so when you 735 00:26:43,269 --> 00:26:42,240 have all of that dynamics coming into 736 00:26:45,110 --> 00:26:43,279 play there's going to be some 737 00:26:47,669 --> 00:26:45,120 oscillations so 738 00:26:50,070 --> 00:26:47,679 coming trying to 739 00:26:53,190 --> 00:26:50,080 downplay that or figure out how that how 740 00:26:54,630 --> 00:26:53,200 you can react your to the spacecraft 741 00:26:57,029 --> 00:26:54,640 the interface when you touch it is the 742 00:27:00,390 --> 00:26:57,039 biggest thing so we built a contact 743 00:27:02,630 --> 00:27:00,400 dynamics facility at goddard where we 744 00:27:04,470 --> 00:27:02,640 simulate the dynamics that we expect to 745 00:27:06,950 --> 00:27:04,480 see on orbit so that when we practice on 746 00:27:08,549 --> 00:27:06,960 the ground we have those dynamics 747 00:27:11,350 --> 00:27:08,559 simulated so we know how the tool will 748 00:27:12,230 --> 00:27:11,360 react when it touches the spacecraft so 749 00:27:18,950 --> 00:27:12,240 the 750 00:27:21,110 --> 00:27:18,960 on orbit and we learn how 751 00:27:23,750 --> 00:27:21,120 the tools react to the interface we can 752 00:27:25,669 --> 00:27:23,760 then get ground characterization of our 753 00:27:27,110 --> 00:27:25,679 ground test bed or characterization of 754 00:27:28,470 --> 00:27:27,120 our ground test but excuse me so that 755 00:27:30,950 --> 00:27:28,480 will be the key thing is really the 756 00:27:33,269 --> 00:27:30,960 on-orbit dynamics that we don't have 100 757 00:27:34,389 --> 00:27:33,279 simulated on the ground 758 00:27:38,149 --> 00:27:34,399 all right thank you 759 00:27:41,750 --> 00:27:40,070 james dean with florida today can you 760 00:27:46,230 --> 00:27:41,760 identify the satellite that you're 761 00:27:48,310 --> 00:27:46,240 planning to service and and when and um 762 00:27:49,909 --> 00:27:48,320 when that time comes will will it is 763 00:27:51,350 --> 00:27:49,919 there a possibility you're going to you 764 00:27:52,870 --> 00:27:51,360 know add customers or is that just going 765 00:27:54,789 --> 00:27:52,880 to be a one-off test 766 00:27:55,590 --> 00:27:54,799 well it's um 767 00:28:00,470 --> 00:27:55,600 it's 768 00:28:03,669 --> 00:28:00,480 try to usurp commercial industry 769 00:28:05,350 --> 00:28:03,679 what we're trying to do here 770 00:28:07,510 --> 00:28:05,360 although we have looked at a whole 771 00:28:10,389 --> 00:28:07,520 different families of a family of 772 00:28:11,350 --> 00:28:10,399 satellites with different end effectors 773 00:28:12,389 --> 00:28:11,360 different 774 00:28:15,590 --> 00:28:12,399 feeling 775 00:28:18,070 --> 00:28:15,600 fuel valves different kinds of 776 00:28:19,909 --> 00:28:18,080 appendage deployment issues and so on 777 00:28:21,750 --> 00:28:19,919 what we're trying to do here is to 778 00:28:25,590 --> 00:28:21,760 demonstrate 779 00:28:27,830 --> 00:28:25,600 that we can in fact apply the technology 780 00:28:29,590 --> 00:28:27,840 so that no matter who does it and we're 781 00:28:32,310 --> 00:28:29,600 going to make this of data available to 782 00:28:35,029 --> 00:28:32,320 everybody that is all commercial 783 00:28:37,909 --> 00:28:35,039 industry that may want to 784 00:28:40,149 --> 00:28:37,919 leap off and and and start their their 785 00:28:41,269 --> 00:28:40,159 own ventures make that technology 786 00:28:44,310 --> 00:28:41,279 available 787 00:28:46,389 --> 00:28:44,320 allow them to understand what the risks 788 00:28:49,350 --> 00:28:46,399 are what the problems are 789 00:28:52,149 --> 00:28:49,360 and to in effect try to consolidate or 790 00:28:56,950 --> 00:28:54,870 reduce the risks of 791 00:28:59,269 --> 00:28:56,960 in-orbit repair and refueling and 792 00:29:01,269 --> 00:28:59,279 maintenance and super sinking to the 793 00:29:02,870 --> 00:29:01,279 greatest decree possible by being able 794 00:29:04,549 --> 00:29:02,880 to demonstrate 795 00:29:06,630 --> 00:29:04,559 on this 796 00:29:07,669 --> 00:29:06,640 kind of activity that we're running from 797 00:29:08,950 --> 00:29:07,679 station 798 00:29:11,110 --> 00:29:08,960 and therefore 799 00:29:14,549 --> 00:29:11,120 give everybody the encouragement that's 800 00:29:16,389 --> 00:29:14,559 necessary to get them rolling 801 00:29:17,990 --> 00:29:16,399 and there's all kinds of historical 802 00:29:20,230 --> 00:29:18,000 analogies 803 00:29:21,909 --> 00:29:20,240 and reasons for doing this if if one 804 00:29:23,909 --> 00:29:21,919 recalls 805 00:29:26,950 --> 00:29:23,919 what we all depend on today with 806 00:29:30,230 --> 00:29:26,960 blackberries and ipads and ipods and you 807 00:29:33,350 --> 00:29:30,240 know it is bandwidth is calm bandwidth 808 00:29:35,029 --> 00:29:33,360 and bandwidth is expanding exponentially 809 00:29:35,990 --> 00:29:35,039 year after year after year and the need 810 00:29:39,430 --> 00:29:36,000 for it 811 00:29:42,710 --> 00:29:39,440 and so what we're basically trying to do 812 00:29:45,350 --> 00:29:42,720 is to provide the encouragement 813 00:29:47,909 --> 00:29:45,360 to different operators and users to 814 00:29:50,710 --> 00:29:47,919 design their satellites and to 815 00:29:53,110 --> 00:29:50,720 perhaps design build and fly 816 00:29:54,710 --> 00:29:53,120 missions that can take care of the 817 00:29:56,710 --> 00:29:54,720 normal repair 818 00:29:58,470 --> 00:29:56,720 maintenance and refueling 819 00:29:59,909 --> 00:29:58,480 that would normally 820 00:30:02,549 --> 00:29:59,919 be required 821 00:30:04,310 --> 00:30:02,559 and without such a thing the satellites 822 00:30:06,470 --> 00:30:04,320 that are not getting this support or 823 00:30:09,350 --> 00:30:06,480 getting this kind of support would end 824 00:30:12,549 --> 00:30:09,360 in the end in failure would end 825 00:30:15,269 --> 00:30:12,559 their lives either abruptly or short of 826 00:30:18,389 --> 00:30:15,279 a full expectation of utilization 827 00:30:21,909 --> 00:30:18,399 so really this is a level of maturity 828 00:30:23,990 --> 00:30:21,919 for space in the space agency to help 829 00:30:26,149 --> 00:30:24,000 accelerate this maturity level and 830 00:30:28,389 --> 00:30:26,159 demonstrate this maturity level 831 00:30:31,750 --> 00:30:28,399 to give people 832 00:30:34,149 --> 00:30:31,760 like the telstar people in in the early 833 00:30:35,990 --> 00:30:34,159 60s the confidence 834 00:30:38,870 --> 00:30:36,000 to get going with a commercial 835 00:30:40,870 --> 00:30:38,880 communications satellite industry 836 00:30:44,310 --> 00:30:40,880 and that's what in fact has happened 837 00:30:47,190 --> 00:30:44,320 that's what nasa's role is give 838 00:30:51,269 --> 00:30:47,200 potential users the confidence 839 00:30:53,830 --> 00:30:51,279 to go ahead take the risks leap forward 840 00:30:57,029 --> 00:30:53,840 and for all of mankind 841 00:30:58,789 --> 00:30:57,039 to receive the benefits 842 00:31:00,789 --> 00:30:58,799 ten years from now the amount of 843 00:31:03,990 --> 00:31:00,799 bandwidth required 844 00:31:05,750 --> 00:31:04,000 if the rate of expansion of ipods and 845 00:31:08,710 --> 00:31:05,760 kindles and everything else 846 00:31:10,389 --> 00:31:08,720 in computation in the sky 847 00:31:11,990 --> 00:31:10,399 in the clouds 848 00:31:13,190 --> 00:31:12,000 if that expands at the rate we're going 849 00:31:16,070 --> 00:31:13,200 to have we're going to be a hundred 850 00:31:18,630 --> 00:31:16,080 times more in need 10 years from now of 851 00:31:21,350 --> 00:31:18,640 bandwidth than we have today can you 852 00:31:23,269 --> 00:31:21,360 imagine what that says about 853 00:31:25,590 --> 00:31:23,279 communication satellites and how to 854 00:31:27,750 --> 00:31:25,600 handle them and how to maintain them and 855 00:31:29,669 --> 00:31:27,760 how to protect them and how to use them 856 00:31:32,789 --> 00:31:29,679 and even more important 857 00:31:35,110 --> 00:31:32,799 we pay x number of fractions of a cent 858 00:31:36,630 --> 00:31:35,120 per data bit that comes down 859 00:31:37,990 --> 00:31:36,640 can you imagine 860 00:31:40,710 --> 00:31:38,000 what would happen 861 00:31:42,789 --> 00:31:40,720 if that if the numbers of 862 00:31:44,630 --> 00:31:42,799 communications bandwidth capability were 863 00:31:46,549 --> 00:31:44,640 to expand 864 00:31:49,190 --> 00:31:46,559 it would be a supply 865 00:31:51,590 --> 00:31:49,200 demand kind of ratio and you would lower 866 00:31:57,350 --> 00:31:51,600 the cost of operations and that's 867 00:32:02,389 --> 00:31:59,830 um so your intent is to 868 00:32:05,430 --> 00:32:02,399 basically turn over like an rrm type 869 00:32:07,110 --> 00:32:05,440 device to uh to a commercial user that 870 00:32:09,509 --> 00:32:07,120 would like integrate the technology 871 00:32:11,590 --> 00:32:09,519 something other than than dexter to the 872 00:32:13,830 --> 00:32:11,600 technology we we're going to make this 873 00:32:15,909 --> 00:32:13,840 technology 874 00:32:18,549 --> 00:32:15,919 yeah you wouldn't turn rrm over but 875 00:32:21,509 --> 00:32:18,559 you'd turn the technology to the type of 876 00:32:22,950 --> 00:32:21,519 tools the approach the lighting 877 00:32:25,590 --> 00:32:22,960 the cameras 878 00:32:29,190 --> 00:32:25,600 the tele robotic feedback those kinds of 879 00:32:32,310 --> 00:32:30,950 right right in the yellow shirt 880 00:32:34,630 --> 00:32:32,320 wait for the microphone please question 881 00:32:36,789 --> 00:32:34,640 for csa matthew does that mean that the 882 00:32:38,549 --> 00:32:36,799 canadian space agency and mcdonald while 883 00:32:42,070 --> 00:32:38,559 the technology of dexter would also be 884 00:32:43,909 --> 00:32:42,080 turned over to commercial affairs 885 00:32:46,789 --> 00:32:43,919 right now the plans is we're operating 886 00:32:48,149 --> 00:32:46,799 rm exactly like any other 887 00:32:49,590 --> 00:32:48,159 operation on the international space 888 00:32:51,110 --> 00:32:49,600 station we're 889 00:32:53,830 --> 00:32:51,120 you know participating in the flight 890 00:32:55,909 --> 00:32:53,840 control and the production of mission 891 00:32:58,149 --> 00:32:55,919 planning products and so on it will 892 00:33:00,630 --> 00:32:58,159 perform the analysis so basically the 893 00:33:02,950 --> 00:33:00,640 involvement of mcdonald that welder and 894 00:33:05,029 --> 00:33:02,960 associates as a primary contractor to 895 00:33:06,389 --> 00:33:05,039 csa for the international space station 896 00:33:07,430 --> 00:33:06,399 support they support us they provide us 897 00:33:09,269 --> 00:33:07,440 with the engineering support that's 898 00:33:11,269 --> 00:33:09,279 required to 899 00:33:13,430 --> 00:33:11,279 perform these tasks as we would for any 900 00:33:14,710 --> 00:33:13,440 other maintenance task onboard the space 901 00:33:16,549 --> 00:33:14,720 station 902 00:33:18,950 --> 00:33:16,559 in parallel uh what we're doing is that 903 00:33:21,110 --> 00:33:18,960 we're we have put up um 904 00:33:23,830 --> 00:33:21,120 there's a in works a next-generation 905 00:33:26,870 --> 00:33:23,840 cataract project where we're developing 906 00:33:28,710 --> 00:33:26,880 terrestrial prototypes for robots 907 00:33:31,750 --> 00:33:28,720 and defectors tools and so on but at 908 00:33:34,710 --> 00:33:31,760 this point it's it's uh basically uh 909 00:33:36,070 --> 00:33:34,720 the current state of our projects 910 00:33:37,269 --> 00:33:36,080 all right 911 00:33:40,950 --> 00:33:37,279 so a 912 00:33:45,350 --> 00:33:43,029 hi mark kirkman interspace news um 913 00:33:47,669 --> 00:33:45,360 actually a two-part question um in 914 00:33:49,509 --> 00:33:47,679 dealing with the uh or in regards to the 915 00:33:50,630 --> 00:33:49,519 space refueling do you kind of envision 916 00:33:52,789 --> 00:33:50,640 this uh 917 00:33:54,149 --> 00:33:52,799 using this initially at least with 918 00:33:55,830 --> 00:33:54,159 satellites that are at the end of their 919 00:33:57,909 --> 00:33:55,840 life cycle because i can foresee a 920 00:33:59,509 --> 00:33:57,919 scenario for instance you go up there 921 00:34:01,190 --> 00:33:59,519 with a satellite and you manipulate a 922 00:34:02,549 --> 00:34:01,200 valve that hasn't been operated since it 923 00:34:04,470 --> 00:34:02,559 left the ground and now all of a sudden 924 00:34:07,750 --> 00:34:04,480 you're you're leaking gas 925 00:34:09,589 --> 00:34:07,760 um also the second question would be is 926 00:34:11,190 --> 00:34:09,599 there any effort in the industry now i 927 00:34:13,270 --> 00:34:11,200 mean is it too early to kind of 928 00:34:15,270 --> 00:34:13,280 standardize these types of fittings so 929 00:34:17,349 --> 00:34:15,280 that as this technology has developed 930 00:34:18,470 --> 00:34:17,359 you can deal with the new spacecraft 931 00:34:20,629 --> 00:34:18,480 that are being launched are they 932 00:34:23,589 --> 00:34:20,639 standardizing the these fittings the 933 00:34:25,349 --> 00:34:23,599 fuel valves etc etc 934 00:34:26,550 --> 00:34:25,359 um 935 00:34:28,790 --> 00:34:26,560 from the point of view of 936 00:34:30,869 --> 00:34:28,800 standardization most of the valves that 937 00:34:32,869 --> 00:34:30,879 are manufactured and built today are 938 00:34:36,470 --> 00:34:32,879 very very 939 00:34:38,389 --> 00:34:36,480 much the same kinematic principles the 940 00:34:39,829 --> 00:34:38,399 only thing that's different about them 941 00:34:41,829 --> 00:34:39,839 is dimensions 942 00:34:43,349 --> 00:34:41,839 for the most part from a refueling 943 00:34:45,510 --> 00:34:43,359 perspective we notice that that 944 00:34:48,069 --> 00:34:45,520 commonality has happened in the 945 00:34:50,069 --> 00:34:48,079 aerospace industry over the last 30 946 00:34:53,030 --> 00:34:50,079 years 40 years 947 00:34:55,829 --> 00:34:53,040 is really maybe a driver for 948 00:34:58,790 --> 00:34:55,839 consolidation and cost control 949 00:35:02,470 --> 00:34:58,800 but there is very very difficult to try 950 00:35:05,990 --> 00:35:02,480 to standardize anything in space 951 00:35:08,870 --> 00:35:06,000 in this arena because every aerospace 952 00:35:11,510 --> 00:35:08,880 manufacturer of satellites 953 00:35:13,910 --> 00:35:11,520 has his own unique approach 954 00:35:15,990 --> 00:35:13,920 and no way no how do they ever want to 955 00:35:17,910 --> 00:35:16,000 give that approach up because it's 956 00:35:20,150 --> 00:35:17,920 endemic 957 00:35:22,870 --> 00:35:20,160 so where does that leave 958 00:35:24,950 --> 00:35:22,880 repair and maintenance in orbit which is 959 00:35:27,589 --> 00:35:24,960 really the heart of your question 960 00:35:30,230 --> 00:35:27,599 we have to be dexterous enough we have 961 00:35:33,190 --> 00:35:30,240 to be general purpose enough with the 962 00:35:35,990 --> 00:35:33,200 development of our tools 963 00:35:38,470 --> 00:35:36,000 so as to be able to demonstrate that you 964 00:35:39,349 --> 00:35:38,480 can do more than one straightforward 965 00:35:42,630 --> 00:35:39,359 task 966 00:35:44,790 --> 00:35:42,640 on more than one kind of satellite 967 00:35:48,230 --> 00:35:44,800 on more than one kind of fill and 968 00:35:52,150 --> 00:35:50,870 and perhaps maybe on more than one type 969 00:35:55,270 --> 00:35:52,160 of array 970 00:35:57,510 --> 00:35:55,280 or one type of communications antenna 971 00:36:00,710 --> 00:35:57,520 that didn't deploy 972 00:36:02,470 --> 00:36:00,720 now the mix is of how many satellites 973 00:36:03,430 --> 00:36:02,480 the last question the first question you 974 00:36:05,990 --> 00:36:03,440 asked 975 00:36:08,069 --> 00:36:06,000 was what about the old bird that's up 976 00:36:09,670 --> 00:36:08,079 there and you try to refuel it's been up 977 00:36:11,670 --> 00:36:09,680 there 20 years 978 00:36:13,990 --> 00:36:11,680 and you can't do it 979 00:36:16,950 --> 00:36:14,000 well the one thing you can do 980 00:36:18,550 --> 00:36:16,960 is you can supersync it with um 981 00:36:20,310 --> 00:36:18,560 with that kind of 982 00:36:22,470 --> 00:36:20,320 tow truck sort of capability you can 983 00:36:24,069 --> 00:36:22,480 take it out of orbit so to speak 984 00:36:24,950 --> 00:36:24,079 so to speak 985 00:36:28,230 --> 00:36:24,960 so 986 00:36:30,630 --> 00:36:28,240 those are the kinds of thought processes 987 00:36:33,430 --> 00:36:30,640 that one has to come to grips with when 988 00:36:36,630 --> 00:36:33,440 one starts to think about 989 00:36:41,829 --> 00:36:36,640 developing tow trucks in orbit 990 00:36:44,150 --> 00:36:41,839 that can take care of expensive assets 991 00:36:46,470 --> 00:36:44,160 that's key and one has to think about 992 00:36:49,030 --> 00:36:46,480 the ability to leave that asset 993 00:36:50,230 --> 00:36:49,040 leave that tow truck in orbit 994 00:36:51,109 --> 00:36:50,240 long enough 995 00:36:53,190 --> 00:36:51,119 for 996 00:36:55,430 --> 00:36:53,200 several or quite a few 997 00:36:57,670 --> 00:36:55,440 different spacecrafts that get into 998 00:36:59,270 --> 00:36:57,680 trouble to take advantage of it and it's 999 00:37:01,510 --> 00:36:59,280 not going to be able to be all things to 1000 00:37:02,470 --> 00:37:01,520 all people it's not going to be able to 1001 00:37:05,270 --> 00:37:02,480 be that 1002 00:37:08,230 --> 00:37:05,280 but there will be as a result enough 1003 00:37:09,349 --> 00:37:08,240 competition and enough interest i think 1004 00:37:11,990 --> 00:37:09,359 i feel 1005 00:37:14,150 --> 00:37:12,000 that you'll have more than one supplier 1006 00:37:15,990 --> 00:37:14,160 and that's all that's all very good i 1007 00:37:19,190 --> 00:37:16,000 mean you have today you have 1008 00:37:21,109 --> 00:37:19,200 dlr in germany that's looking at similar 1009 00:37:23,109 --> 00:37:21,119 approaches with deals 1010 00:37:25,829 --> 00:37:23,119 you have the japanese that have done 1011 00:37:27,910 --> 00:37:25,839 even some demonstration servicing 1012 00:37:30,790 --> 00:37:27,920 on some of their payloads 1013 00:37:33,270 --> 00:37:30,800 you have canada and mda that are very 1014 00:37:35,349 --> 00:37:33,280 much interested in doing that and yes 1015 00:37:37,030 --> 00:37:35,359 i'm sure we're going to have american 1016 00:37:39,670 --> 00:37:37,040 communications companies that are going 1017 00:37:42,150 --> 00:37:39,680 to stand up and take an interest 1018 00:37:46,550 --> 00:37:42,160 but that's all well and good where would 1019 00:37:51,990 --> 00:37:49,510 competition is wonderful 1020 00:37:53,670 --> 00:37:52,000 and that's the important message here 1021 00:37:55,430 --> 00:37:53,680 and what you have to do to get 1022 00:37:58,230 --> 00:37:55,440 competition started 1023 00:38:00,150 --> 00:37:58,240 is reduce the risks 1024 00:38:01,829 --> 00:38:00,160 that they're walking into 1025 00:38:03,109 --> 00:38:01,839 reduce the risk 1026 00:38:05,510 --> 00:38:03,119 and that's what 1027 00:38:07,589 --> 00:38:05,520 rrm represents 1028 00:38:09,510 --> 00:38:07,599 it's a risk reduction technology 1029 00:38:11,750 --> 00:38:09,520 demonstration 1030 00:38:14,150 --> 00:38:11,760 probably from a space station 1031 00:38:17,270 --> 00:38:14,160 perspective 1032 00:38:19,670 --> 00:38:17,280 the most practical demonstration 1033 00:38:22,710 --> 00:38:19,680 of the worth of station from an 1034 00:38:24,710 --> 00:38:22,720 applications perspective not medical 1035 00:38:27,030 --> 00:38:24,720 not physiological 1036 00:38:30,310 --> 00:38:27,040 not metallurgical 1037 00:38:33,589 --> 00:38:30,320 but applications what does it bring 1038 00:38:35,510 --> 00:38:33,599 as a demonstration to you and i 10 years 1039 00:38:38,630 --> 00:38:35,520 from now 1040 00:38:41,190 --> 00:38:38,640 that's the key that's the key we have to 1041 00:38:42,950 --> 00:38:41,200 have the ability to look forward 1042 00:38:45,270 --> 00:38:42,960 we have to look beyond today and 1043 00:38:46,550 --> 00:38:45,280 tomorrow and keep stretching the 1044 00:38:48,390 --> 00:38:46,560 technology 1045 00:38:50,790 --> 00:38:48,400 and that's what space station is about 1046 00:38:53,910 --> 00:38:50,800 it gives us that applications technology 1047 00:38:56,550 --> 00:38:53,920 capability to push the envelope to get 1048 00:38:59,430 --> 00:38:56,560 us out in front yes 1049 00:39:01,990 --> 00:38:59,440 one day we're going to fly 1050 00:39:04,310 --> 00:39:02,000 a neurosurgical robot that will do 1051 00:39:06,390 --> 00:39:04,320 operations on astronauts 1052 00:39:08,150 --> 00:39:06,400 from the ground 1053 00:39:09,910 --> 00:39:08,160 they do that today and it's called da 1054 00:39:12,470 --> 00:39:09,920 vinci 1055 00:39:15,190 --> 00:39:12,480 and and the canadians have one and i'm 1056 00:39:17,829 --> 00:39:15,200 at a loss to tell you what it called but 1057 00:39:22,069 --> 00:39:17,839 10 of our hospitals today in the united 1058 00:39:23,910 --> 00:39:22,079 states have da vinci robot surgical 1059 00:39:26,950 --> 00:39:23,920 instruments 1060 00:39:28,550 --> 00:39:26,960 are we going to have that 10 20 15 years 1061 00:39:30,310 --> 00:39:28,560 from now when we send our astronauts 1062 00:39:32,710 --> 00:39:30,320 away for a couple years 1063 00:39:35,670 --> 00:39:32,720 to distant locations 1064 00:39:38,790 --> 00:39:35,680 if we keep this up i think we will 1065 00:39:40,829 --> 00:39:38,800 but this is truly applications 1066 00:39:43,510 --> 00:39:40,839 demonstration 1067 00:39:46,150 --> 00:39:43,520 capability right take this uh gentleman 1068 00:39:47,910 --> 00:39:46,160 right here yes yeah i'm p i'm peter 1069 00:39:50,230 --> 00:39:47,920 wright with the canadian press um you 1070 00:39:52,630 --> 00:39:50,240 talked very very shortly about reducing 1071 00:39:54,069 --> 00:39:52,640 risks now over the past few years 1072 00:39:55,829 --> 00:39:54,079 we're seeing satellites starting to 1073 00:39:57,349 --> 00:39:55,839 crash into each other i just wonder if 1074 00:39:59,030 --> 00:39:57,359 there was any urgency to do this in 1075 00:40:01,109 --> 00:39:59,040 light of the fact that there are a lot 1076 00:40:03,109 --> 00:40:01,119 of satellites that are reaching their 1077 00:40:04,550 --> 00:40:03,119 uh best before date uh there are 1078 00:40:05,750 --> 00:40:04,560 satellites starting to crash into each 1079 00:40:07,589 --> 00:40:05,760 other there's a lot of concern about 1080 00:40:10,230 --> 00:40:07,599 that i wonder if that prompted you to 1081 00:40:12,309 --> 00:40:10,240 speed things up a little bit 1082 00:40:14,950 --> 00:40:12,319 i think that was one of the factors i 1083 00:40:17,109 --> 00:40:14,960 think clearly when those two satellites 1084 00:40:19,190 --> 00:40:17,119 collided that that clearly orbital 1085 00:40:21,670 --> 00:40:19,200 debris i think there was a another 1086 00:40:22,390 --> 00:40:21,680 satellite called galaxy 15 or something 1087 00:40:24,630 --> 00:40:22,400 that 1088 00:40:26,309 --> 00:40:24,640 temporarily drifted out of control and 1089 00:40:27,430 --> 00:40:26,319 all all the other communication 1090 00:40:29,670 --> 00:40:27,440 satellites 1091 00:40:30,790 --> 00:40:29,680 were jocking their positions and handing 1092 00:40:32,390 --> 00:40:30,800 off 1093 00:40:33,910 --> 00:40:32,400 calm responsibilities because they 1094 00:40:34,950 --> 00:40:33,920 wanted to get out of the way before they 1095 00:40:37,670 --> 00:40:34,960 got hit 1096 00:40:40,470 --> 00:40:37,680 i think all of those kinds of things are 1097 00:40:43,349 --> 00:40:40,480 what's going to happen tomorrow 1098 00:40:46,550 --> 00:40:43,359 and the day after and the day after 1099 00:40:48,069 --> 00:40:46,560 and the more satellites you put up there 1100 00:40:49,750 --> 00:40:48,079 which you're going to have to do to 1101 00:40:51,589 --> 00:40:49,760 cover bandwidth 1102 00:40:52,950 --> 00:40:51,599 you're going to have to do it 1103 00:40:55,030 --> 00:40:52,960 the more 1104 00:40:57,589 --> 00:40:55,040 probability there is that you're going 1105 00:40:58,710 --> 00:40:57,599 to need a tow truck 1106 00:41:00,470 --> 00:40:58,720 and 1107 00:41:03,910 --> 00:41:00,480 interestingly enough 1108 00:41:08,069 --> 00:41:03,920 probably more than one 1109 00:41:09,829 --> 00:41:08,079 few 1110 00:41:14,309 --> 00:41:09,839 and they're going to have to stay there 1111 00:41:18,150 --> 00:41:16,630 okay all right thank you uh i've got a 1112 00:41:21,510 --> 00:41:18,160 follow-up question 1113 00:41:22,950 --> 00:41:21,520 right here and i'll do that okay uh jim 1114 00:41:25,750 --> 00:41:22,960 siegel again from the celebration 1115 00:41:27,349 --> 00:41:25,760 independent uh with respect to these tow 1116 00:41:30,630 --> 00:41:27,359 trucks that you mentioned 1117 00:41:35,270 --> 00:41:30,640 uh roughly what time frame would you see 1118 00:41:36,790 --> 00:41:35,280 this happening 2025 2050 1119 00:41:39,349 --> 00:41:36,800 where these 1120 00:41:41,349 --> 00:41:39,359 these commercial tow trucks let's say 1121 00:41:43,670 --> 00:41:41,359 gerhard wanted us to start his own truck 1122 00:41:45,109 --> 00:41:43,680 truck company and use your technology 1123 00:41:47,670 --> 00:41:45,119 he's going to put it in space he's going 1124 00:41:49,349 --> 00:41:47,680 to go around and service satellites 1125 00:41:53,030 --> 00:41:49,359 we what kind of time frame are we 1126 00:41:53,040 --> 00:41:57,990 i wish you were here in 1984 1127 00:42:02,630 --> 00:42:00,950 you know i i can't i i think i think the 1128 00:42:04,550 --> 00:42:02,640 time frame is the next three or four 1129 00:42:06,790 --> 00:42:04,560 years five years 1130 00:42:09,829 --> 00:42:06,800 we're going to have to be there done 1131 00:42:12,309 --> 00:42:09,839 that and i maintain that by this kind of 1132 00:42:14,630 --> 00:42:12,319 technology when i say we it doesn't 1133 00:42:16,470 --> 00:42:14,640 necessarily have to be nasa it does not 1134 00:42:18,069 --> 00:42:16,480 have to could be commercial could be 1135 00:42:20,470 --> 00:42:18,079 commercial from any place around the 1136 00:42:23,109 --> 00:42:20,480 world i think the business base will 1137 00:42:27,190 --> 00:42:23,119 start to demonstrate itself 1138 00:42:30,390 --> 00:42:27,200 but don't forget i was here in 1984 1139 00:42:32,390 --> 00:42:30,400 and we had a screwy mission a very 1140 00:42:35,030 --> 00:42:32,400 never been done before mission 1141 00:42:36,710 --> 00:42:35,040 called the repair of solar max 1142 00:42:39,510 --> 00:42:36,720 does anybody remember that you weren't 1143 00:42:40,390 --> 00:42:39,520 born then oh some of you were 1144 00:42:42,630 --> 00:42:40,400 okay 1145 00:42:47,349 --> 00:42:42,640 she's nuts i always thought there was an 1146 00:42:52,309 --> 00:42:48,870 guess what 1147 00:42:55,430 --> 00:42:52,319 nobody but nobody ever envisioned 1148 00:42:57,670 --> 00:42:55,440 that we would capture solar max 1149 00:43:00,470 --> 00:42:57,680 with a robotic arm 1150 00:43:01,510 --> 00:43:00,480 nobody ever envisioned it and some 1151 00:43:03,430 --> 00:43:01,520 idiots 1152 00:43:06,069 --> 00:43:03,440 who had some forethought at goddard 1153 00:43:08,069 --> 00:43:06,079 decided that before they launched they 1154 00:43:10,710 --> 00:43:08,079 would put a grapple fixture on that 1155 00:43:12,230 --> 00:43:10,720 spacecraft but that spacecraft was not 1156 00:43:15,589 --> 00:43:12,240 going to be captured by that grapple 1157 00:43:17,750 --> 00:43:15,599 fixture no no no that was just a 1158 00:43:18,790 --> 00:43:17,760 risk mitigation device whatever you want 1159 00:43:20,950 --> 00:43:18,800 to call it 1160 00:43:23,030 --> 00:43:20,960 that was a contingency 1161 00:43:25,510 --> 00:43:23,040 no but when we tried it the 1162 00:43:26,790 --> 00:43:25,520 old-fashioned way we discovered contact 1163 00:43:28,950 --> 00:43:26,800 dynamics 1164 00:43:31,109 --> 00:43:28,960 like we had never seen them before 1165 00:43:32,550 --> 00:43:31,119 involving humans and free-flying 1166 00:43:34,230 --> 00:43:32,560 spacecrafts 1167 00:43:38,230 --> 00:43:34,240 and guess what 1168 00:43:40,630 --> 00:43:38,240 it was solved by a robotic operation 1169 00:43:44,470 --> 00:43:40,640 of something called the canada arm for 1170 00:43:45,910 --> 00:43:44,480 the first time and after that guess what 1171 00:43:47,829 --> 00:43:45,920 we never 1172 00:43:49,670 --> 00:43:47,839 bothered to deal with capture of 1173 00:43:51,349 --> 00:43:49,680 spacecrafts any other way with robotics 1174 00:43:54,790 --> 00:43:51,359 so technology 1175 00:43:56,790 --> 00:43:54,800 is there technology is coming the issue 1176 00:43:58,710 --> 00:43:56,800 is how do we apply it 1177 00:44:01,589 --> 00:43:58,720 and how do we demonstrate its 1178 00:44:03,430 --> 00:44:01,599 application so that it minimizes risk 1179 00:44:05,430 --> 00:44:03,440 rrm is that way 1180 00:44:07,829 --> 00:44:05,440 and there'll be other missions 1181 00:44:08,550 --> 00:44:07,839 like rrm that'll come after that that 1182 00:44:10,870 --> 00:44:08,560 can 1183 00:44:14,630 --> 00:44:10,880 that will drive from station the ability 1184 00:44:16,069 --> 00:44:14,640 to demonstrate reduction of risk 1185 00:44:18,390 --> 00:44:16,079 all right we're but just about out of 1186 00:44:20,150 --> 00:44:18,400 time uh real quick can you get a 1187 00:44:21,750 --> 00:44:20,160 question really really quick randy 1188 00:44:24,390 --> 00:44:21,760 atwood again was uh spacecraft 1189 00:44:28,630 --> 00:44:24,400 interactive uh also back in 1984 on the 1190 00:44:31,109 --> 00:44:28,640 13th mission 41g there was a an eva and 1191 00:44:32,790 --> 00:44:31,119 there was a demonstration of refueling 1192 00:44:34,790 --> 00:44:32,800 can you did were there any lessons 1193 00:44:36,150 --> 00:44:34,800 learned from that or any applications 1194 00:44:38,950 --> 00:44:36,160 from that 1195 00:44:43,190 --> 00:44:38,960 the biggest one of all was five hubble 1196 00:44:49,750 --> 00:44:46,230 recovery mission right after deployment 1197 00:44:52,150 --> 00:44:49,760 cincom4 intelsat six 1198 00:44:53,910 --> 00:44:52,160 west arm palapa 1199 00:44:55,750 --> 00:44:53,920 there's a total of 11. 1200 00:44:57,670 --> 00:44:55,760 yes we learned a lot and i think we're 1201 00:44:59,910 --> 00:44:57,680 going to learn a lot from here 1202 00:45:02,630 --> 00:44:59,920 okay we're running out of time 1203 00:45:04,150 --> 00:45:02,640 if you've got more questions we can 1204 00:45:05,589 --> 00:45:04,160 deal with the questions a little bit 1205 00:45:09,030 --> 00:45:05,599 later you'll have a chance to talk with 1206 00:45:11,349 --> 00:45:09,040 uh with seppie and ben and the module 1207 00:45:13,430 --> 00:45:11,359 affectionately known as rosie so that 1208 00:45:15,190 --> 00:45:13,440 concludes our demonstration for today 1209 00:45:17,670 --> 00:45:15,200 the next event on nasa tv is the 1210 00:45:19,990 --> 00:45:17,680 multi-purpose crew vehicle demonstration 1211 00:45:21,349 --> 00:45:20,000 tomorrow morning at 9am and for more